LEARN + JAPANESE / Note 149 JLPT N4
So That It Happens (ように)
ように attaches to a verb’s plain form (often the potential form) and means “so that,” setting up a goal for the action that follows. Combined with なる, する, or 言う, it branches into three related patterns: a change that happened, an effort you’re committing to, or an instruction given to someone else.
I bought an electronic dictionary so that I could read kanji around town.
In Real Life
ように on its own sets up a purpose, similar to ために, but ために needs a verb someone actively controls, while ように is required whenever the verb is a state, a potential form, or something outside direct control, 読めるように, “so that it becomes possible to read,” not a deliberate action itself.
Ever since becoming a working adult, I've come to eat breakfast every day.
In Real Life
ようになる marks a change that happened over time, from not doing something to doing it, or from being unable to do something to being able, 話せるようになる, “came to be able to speak,” a natural pairing with なる, which you already know describes change.
Starting tomorrow, I'll make an effort to eat plenty of vegetables.
I try not to smoke as much as possible.
In Real Life
ようにする marks a deliberate, ongoing effort toward a goal, distinct from ようになる, which just reports that a change already occurred naturally. ようにしています, with ている, describes a standing habit you actively maintain, “I make a point of.”
The manager told Smith to make a phone call.
In Real Life
ように言う reports an instruction given to someone else, “told them to,” softer and less direct than the causative させる, useful for relaying a request or order secondhand rather than commanding someone outright.
Vocabulary
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| a forgotten item | |
| electronic dictionary | |
| alarm clock | |
| to oversleep | |
| to graduate | |
| to be employed at | |
| to save up | |
| working adult | |
| importance | |
| caffeine | |
| stretching | |
| to recycle | |
| to throw away | |
| roommate | |
| to lend | |
| to return (something) | |
| materials | |
| goal | |
| to make an effort | |
| habit |